# Receivers (RX)

A receiver is used to receive radio control signals from your transmitter and convert them into signals that the flight controller can understand.

There are 3 basic types of receivers:

1. Parallel PWM Receivers
2. PPM Receivers
3. Serial Receivers

## Parallel PWM Receivers

8 channel support, 1 channel per input pin.  On some platforms using parallel input will disable the use of serial ports
and SoftSerial making it hard to use telemetry or GPS features.

## PPM Receivers

PPM is sometimes known as PPM SUM or CPPM.

12 channels via a single input pin, not as accurate or jitter free as methods that use serial communications, but readily available.

These receivers are reported working:

FrSky D4R-II
http://www.frsky-rc.com/product/pro.php?pro_id=24

Graupner GR24
http://www.graupner.de/en/products/33512/product.aspx

R615X Spektrum/JR DSM2/DSMX Compatible 6Ch 2.4GHz Receiver w/CPPM
http://orangerx.com/2014/05/20/r615x-spektrumjr-dsm2dsmx-compatible-6ch-2-4ghz-receiver-wcppm-2/

FrSky D8R-XP 8ch telemetry receiver, or CPPM and RSSI enabled receiver
http://www.frsky-rc.com/product/pro.php?pro_id=21

## Serial Receivers

### Spektrum

8 channels via serial currently supported.

These receivers are reported working:

Lemon Rx DSMX Compatible PPM 8-Channel Receiver + Lemon DSMX Compatible Satellite with Failsafe
http://www.lemon-rx.com/shop/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=118


### S.BUS

16 channels via serial currently supported.  See the Serial chapter in the documentation for a configuration example.

* In most cases you will need an inverter between the receiver output and the flight controller hardware.  
* Softserial ports cannot be used with SBUS because it runs at too high of a bitrate (1Mbps).  Refer to the chapter specific to your board to determine which port(s) may be used.
* You will need to configure the channel mapping in the GUI (Receiver tab) or CLI (`map` command).

These receivers are reported working:

FrSky X4RSB 3/16ch Telemetry Receiver
http://www.frsky-rc.com/product/pro.php?pro_id=135

FrSky X8R 8/16ch Telemetry Receiver
http://www.frsky-rc.com/product/pro.php?pro_id=105

Futaba R2008SB 2.4GHz S-FHSS
http://www.futaba-rc.com/systems/futk8100-8j/


#### OpenTX S.BUS configuration

If using OpenTX set the transmitter module to D16 mode and select CH1-16 on the transmitter before binding to allow reception
of 16 channels. 

OpenTX 2.09, which is shipped on some Taranis X9D Plus transmitters, has a bug - [issue:1701](https://github.com/opentx/opentx/issues/1701).
The bug prevents use of all 16 channels.  Upgrade to the latest OpenTX version to allow correct reception of all 16 channels,
without the fix you are limited to 8 channels regardless of the CH1-16/D16 settings.


### XBUS

The firmware currently supports the MODE B version of the XBus protocol.
Make sure to set your TX to use "MODE B" for XBUS in the TX menus!
See here for info on JR's XBUS protocol: http://www.jrpropo.com/english/propo/XBus/

These receivers are reported working:

XG14 14ch DMSS System w/RG731BX XBus Receiver
http://www.jramericas.com/233794/JRP00631/

There exist a remote receiver made for small BNF-models like the Align T-Rex 150 helicopter. The code also supports using the Align DMSS RJ01 receiver directly with the cleanflight software.
To use this receiver you must power it with 3V from the hardware, and then connect the serial line as other serial RX receivers.
In order for this receiver to work, you need to specify the XBUS_MODE_B_RJ01 for serialrx_provider. Note that you need to set your radio mode for XBUS "MODE B" also for this receiver to work.
Receiver name: Align DMSS RJ01 (HER15001)

### SUMD

16 channels via serial currently supported.

These receivers are reported working:

GR-24 receiver HoTT
http://www.graupner.de/en/products/33512/product.aspx

Graupner receiver GR-12SH+ HoTT
http://www.graupner.de/en/products/870ade17-ace8-427f-943b-657040579906/33565/product.aspx

### SUMH

8 channels via serial currently supported.

SUMH is a legacy Graupner protocol.  Graupner have issued a firmware updates for many recivers that lets them use SUMD instead.

## MultiWii serial protocol (MSP)

Allows you to use MSP commands as the RC input.  Only 8 channel support to maintain compatibility with MSP.
 
## Configuration

There are 3 features that control receiver mode:

```
RX_PPM
RX_SERIAL
RX_PARALLEL_PWM
RX_MSP
```

Only one receiver feature can be enabled at a time.

### Serial RX

See the Serial chapter for some some RX configuration examples.

For Serial RX enable `RX_SERIAL` and set the `serialrx_provider` CLI setting as follows.

| Serial RX Provider | Value |
| ------------------ | ----- |
| SPEKTRUM1024       | 0     |
| SPEKTRUM2048       | 1     |
| SBUS               | 2     |
| SUMD               | 3     |
| SUMH               | 4     |
| XBUS_MODE_B        | 5     |
| XBUS_MODE_B_RJ01   | 6     |

### PPM/PWM input filtering.

Hardware input filtering can be enabled if you are experiencing interference on the signal sent via your PWM/PPM RX.

Use the `input_filtering_mode` CLI setting to select a mode.

| Value | Meaning   |
| ----- | --------- |
| 0     | Disabled  |
| 1     | Enabled   |

